Ways to use this list
- Scale practice: spin a key, then play its scale, arpeggio and broken chords. Choose Rank everyone to get all 30 keys in a random order for a complete workout.
- Theory flashcards: spin a key and write its key signature on the stave from memory, with the sharps or flats in the right order and on the right lines.
- Sight-reading: pick a short exercise in the key you spin, so your practice stops quietly avoiding the keys with five flats.
- Graded music exams add keys step by step, so start a pupil on the Beginner button and add the next keys to the wheel as the syllabus grows.
- Composing: spin a key, then tap Time signatures and spin again, and write an eight-bar melody that fits both.
Press Spin the wheel, tap the game or press the Space bar. Change the list in the box as you
like: add your own, delete what doesn't suit you, or write *2 after an entry to give it double the
chance. The game buttons switch the same list to a duck race, hat, claw machine and more.
The full list (30 entries)
- C major – no sharps or flats (relative minor: A minor)
- G major – 1 sharp: F♯ (relative minor: E minor)
- D major – 2 sharps: F♯ C♯ (relative minor: B minor)
- A major – 3 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ (relative minor: F♯ minor)
- E major – 4 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ (relative minor: C♯ minor)
- B major – 5 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ (relative minor: G♯ minor)
- F♯ major – 6 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ (relative minor: D♯ minor)
- C♯ major – 7 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ (relative minor: A♯ minor)
- F major – 1 flat: B♭ (relative minor: D minor)
- B♭ major – 2 flats: B♭ E♭ (relative minor: G minor)
- E♭ major – 3 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ (relative minor: C minor)
- A♭ major – 4 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ (relative minor: F minor)
- D♭ major – 5 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ (relative minor: B♭ minor)
- G♭ major – 6 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ (relative minor: E♭ minor)
- C♭ major – 7 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ F♭ (relative minor: A♭ minor)
- A minor – no sharps or flats (relative major: C major)
- E minor – 1 sharp: F♯ (relative major: G major)
- B minor – 2 sharps: F♯ C♯ (relative major: D major)
- F♯ minor – 3 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ (relative major: A major)
- C♯ minor – 4 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ (relative major: E major)
- G♯ minor – 5 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ (relative major: B major)
- D♯ minor – 6 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ (relative major: F♯ major)
- A♯ minor – 7 sharps: F♯ C♯ G♯ D♯ A♯ E♯ B♯ (relative major: C♯ major)
- D minor – 1 flat: B♭ (relative major: F major)
- G minor – 2 flats: B♭ E♭ (relative major: B♭ major)
- C minor – 3 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ (relative major: E♭ major)
- F minor – 4 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ (relative major: A♭ major)
- B♭ minor – 5 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ (relative major: D♭ major)
- E♭ minor – 6 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ (relative major: G♭ major)
- A♭ minor – 7 flats: B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ F♭ (relative major: C♭ major)
Questions people ask
How many key signatures are there?
There are 15 key signatures, from no sharps or flats up to seven sharps or seven flats. Each one serves a major key and its relative minor, which gives 15 major and 15 minor keys: 30 in all.
Why are there 15 major keys if there are only 12 notes?
Three pairs of keys sound the same but are written differently, called enharmonic keys: B major (5 sharps) and C♭ major (7 flats), F♯ major (6 sharps) and G♭ major (6 flats), C♯ major (7 sharps) and D♭ major (5 flats). Minor keys have three pairs too: G♯ and A♭, D♯ and E♭, A♯ and B♭ minor.
What is the trick for identifying key signatures?
For sharp keys, go up one semitone from the last sharp: if it is C♯, the key is D major. For flat keys, the second-to-last flat names the key: B♭ and E♭ means B♭ major. F major, with one flat, is the one to remember.
How do I find the relative minor of a major key?
Count down three semitones from the major key's home note: C major leads to A minor, G major to E minor. The two keys share exactly the same key signature, so the music itself tells you which one you are in.
In what order are sharps and flats written?
Sharps always appear in the order F C G D A E B, and flats in the reverse order, B E A D G C F. A popular memory aid is "Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle", read backwards for the flats.